Getting a bone marrow or stem cell transplant is a complex medical procedure that can be associated with several risks and complications. While these risks vary depending on individual factors, here are some of the potential risks related to this type of transplant:
Graft failure: Sometimes, the transplanted cells may not engraft or grow in the recipient's body, leading to graft failure. This can result in a lack of production of new blood cells and require additional interventions.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): GVHD is a common complication that occurs when the transplanted cells recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign and attack them. It can affect various organs, including the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, leading to inflammation and organ damage.
Infection: During the transplant process, the immune system is suppressed to prevent rejection of the transplanted cells. This suppression makes the recipient vulnerable to infections. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can occur and may be life-threatening.
Organ damage: Intensive chemotherapy or radiation therapy is often required before a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. These treatments can cause damage to organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, or heart.
Bleeding and anemia: The conditioning treatments given before the transplant can reduce the number of platelets and red blood cells in the body, leading to increased bleeding and anemia. Blood transfusions may be needed to manage these issues.
Infusion reactions: During the actual transplant infusion, some individuals may experience allergic or infusion reactions to the cells being transplanted. These reactions can range from mild to severe and require immediate medical attention.
Secondary cancers: There is a slight risk of developing secondary cancers, such as leukemia or solid tumors, as a long-term complication of the transplant procedure. The risk varies depending on factors such as age, previous treatments, and genetic factors.
It's important to note that these risks are not exhaustive and may vary depending on individual circumstances. Healthcare professionals involved in the transplant process will closely monitor the recipient and take steps to minimize these risks.
Dr. Satyendra Katewa - Pediatric Hematologic-Oncologist
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